Law and Ethics Notes

Notes on Broadcast Journalism Law/Ethics

1. What are the 5 freedoms of the 1st amendment?
-Freedom of Religion
-Freedom of the Press
-Freedom of Speech
-Right to Assembly
-Right to Petition

2. What is the Tinker Standard?
Student speech cannot be censored as long as it does not "materially disrupt class work or involve substantial disorder or invasion of the rights of others." The Tinker Standard ensures that rights for students are not left outside the gate, first amendment rights protect students in and out of school.

3. What is the Fraser Standard?
Because school officials have an "interest in teaching students the boundaries of socially appropriate behavior," they can censor student speech that is vulgar or indecent, even if it does not cause a "material or substantial disruption."

4. What is the Hazelwood Standard?
Censorship of school sponsered student expression is permissible when school officials can show that it is "reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns".Writing about going against what the school teaches means the school can censor it.

5. What is the Frederick Standard?
During school authorized activities/field trips school rules still apply, as far as what you can or cannot do.

6. What is the definition of libel?
False statements that are visual or written down, that defames someone's character. For a statement to be defamatory, it must be more than insulting or offensive, actually harming the person's reputation.